Oil and Gas Operation for Oil and Gas Non-Technical Staff – Incorporating Oil and Gas Safety

General Contents, Concepts and Issues


 Oil and Gas Conceptual and Contextual Exploration

 3-D Seismic
 4-D Seismic
 Abstract of title
 Acidizing a well
 AFE (Authorization For Expenditure)
 Annular space
 Annulus of a well
 Anticline
 API gravity
 Associate gas
 Barrel Standard
 Basement rock
 BCF (billion cubic feet)
 Behind pipe
 Biomass
 Bleeding core
 Blind pool
 Blowout
 Blowout insurance
 Blue Sky Law
 Bonus Money
 BOP (blowout preventer)
 Bottom-hole pressure
 Bottom-hole pump
 Brent Crude
 Bridle
 BS&W - (basic sediment and water)
 Btu (British thermal unit)
 Butane
 Cable drilling
 CAOF (calculated absolute open flow)
 Capital Funds
 Capital asset
 Capital costs (Oil & Gas Tax Usage)
 Capital expenditure
 Capitalization
 Carried Interest
 Casing Pipe
 Casinghead
 Casinghead gas
 Casinghead gasoline
 Cavings Rock
 Cement
 Cement squeeze
 Choke
 Christmas tree
 Clean oil
 CO2 injection
 Coal gasification
 Coal liquefaction
 Cogeneration
 Commissions
 Common carrier
 Completed well
 Condensate
 Confirmation well
 Connate water
 Conventional energy sources
 Conveyance or Conveyancing
 Core
 Cracking
 Crude oil
 Crude oil equivalent
 Cuttings
 Deductions
 Deed
 Deepwater port
 Delay rental
 Deliverability
 Development
 Diesel oil
 Differential-pressure sticking
 Directional drilling
 Distillate
 Distillate fuel oil
 Distributor
 Division Order
 Domestic production
 Down hole
 Downstream
 Drill bit
 Drill string
 Drilling
 Drilling break
 Drilling fund
 Drilling mud
 Drilling platform
 Drilling rig
 Drill stem test
 Dry hole
 Dry natural gas
 Dual completion
 Due Diligence
 Economic interest
 Electrical well logging
 Ethanol
 Expenses (Tax Usage)
 Exploration
 Exploratory well
 External casing packer
 Extraction plant
 Farm in
 Farm out agreement
 Farmer's oil
 Fault
 Fault trap
 Fee lands
 Feet of pay
 Field
 Filter cake
 Fishing
 Fishing tools
 Five-spot water flood program
 Flange up
 Flaring
 Flooding
 Flow Through concept
 Flowing well
 Formation
 Fossil fuels
 Fracturing
 Front-end costs
 Fuel oil
 Gamma-ray logging
 Gas cap
 Gas condensate
 Gas lift
 Gas-cut mud
 Gas-oil ratio
 Gasoline
 General partner
 Geophones –
 Geophysicist
 Geothermal energy
 Gravimeter
 Gross income
 Groundwater
 Guaranteed payments
 Gun perforation
 Gusher
 Hang the rods
 Heating oil
 Heavy oil
 Held by production
 Jones Act
 History of a well
 Horizon
 Horizontal drilling
 Horsehead
 Hydraulic fracturing
 Hydrocarbons
 Hydrometer
 Hydrostatic head
 In situ
 Independent producer
 Infill drilling
 Initial potential
 Injection well
 Intangible drilling
 Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
 Isopachous map
 Jack or Unit
 Jet fuel
 Jetting
 Joint
 Joint Operating Agreement
 Joint venture
 Junk basket
 Kelly bushing
 Kerogen
 Kerosene
 Keyseating
 Kick Occurs
 Lag time
 Landman
 Landowner royalty
 Law of capture
 Lead lines
 Lease (Oil and Gas)
 Lease acquisition costs
 Lease broker
 Lease hound
 Lease offering (lease sale)
 Lease or Sublease
 Lifting costs
 Lignite
 Limestone
 Limited partner
 Limited partnership
 LNG (liquefied natural gas)
 Logs
 Lost circulation
 LPG (liquefied petroleum gases)
 Mid-continent crude
 Midstream or Middle distillates
 Migration
 Milling
 Mineral Rights
 MMCF Million cubic feet
 Monocline
 Mud
 Mud engineer
 Mud logger
 Multiple completion
 Natural gas
 Naval petroleum reserves
 Net profits interest
 Net Revenue Interest (NRI)
 NGL (natural gas liquids)
 OCS (outer continental shelf)
 Octane
 Octane number
 Offering memorandum
 Offset well
 Offshore platform
 Oil column
 Oil gravity
 Oil in place
 Oil pool
 Oil rig
 Oil run
 Oil shale
 Oilfield services
 On the pump
 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
 Operator
 Organization costs
 Outcrop
 Overriding Royalty (ORRI)
 Overthrust belt


 Packer
 Pay zones
 Payoff
 Payout
 Perforating gun
 Perforation
 Permeability
 Petrochemicals
 Petroleum
 Petroleum engineer
 Petroleum geologist
 Pipeline
 Pipeline gas
 Plug back
 Plugged & Abandoned (P&A)
 Plugging a well
 Pool
 Pooling
 Porosity
 Possible reserves
 Present net value
 Primary recovery
 Primary term
 Private Placement Offering
 Probable reserves
 Producing horizon
 Producing platform
 Production
 Production test
 Proppants
 Prospect
 Proved behind-pipe reserves
 Proved developed reserves
 Proved reserves
 Proved undeveloped reserves
 Public lands
 Public Offering
 Pump
 Pump off
 Pumping well
 Quad
 Quitclaim deed
 R&D
 Ram
 Re-entry
 Reamer
 Reclamation
 Recoverable resources
 Reef
 Refiner
 Refining
 Relief well
 Reserve
 Reserve (pool)
 Reservoir
 Reservoir pressure
 Retained Interest
 Reversionary interest
 Risk
 Roof rock
 Rotary drilling
 Round trip
 Roustabout
 Royalty
 Royalty Funds
 Run ticket
 Running the tools
 Salt dome
 Salt-bed storage
 Sample
 Sample log
 Sandstone
 Saturation
 Schlumberger (slumber-jay)
 Scout
 Secondary recovery
 Section
 Securities
 Securities Act of 1933
 Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 Sedimentary basin
 Sedimentary rock
 Seismic exploration
 Seismograph.
 Selling Expenses
 Separator
 Service well
 Set casing
 Severance
 Severance tax
 Shale
 Shale oil
 Shale shaker
 Sharing arrangement
 Shoestring sands
 Shoot a well
 Show
 Shut-down well/shut-in well
 Shut-in
 Shut-in pressure
 Shut-in Royalty
 Side track
 Skidding the rig
 Solution
 Sour Crude or Gas
 Source rock
 Spacing unit
 Spot market
 Spud
 Squeeze
 Steel reef
 Step-out well
 Stipper oil well
 Stock tank barrel
 Stratigraphic test
 Stratigraphic trap
 Structural trap
 Structure
 Submersible drilling barge
 Submersible pump
 Subscription
 Substructure
 Supervisory fee
 Surface rights
 Swab
 Sweet crude
 Syncline
 Syndication expenses
 Synfuels
 Synthetic crude oil (syncrude)
 Synthetic gas
 Take-or-pay contract
 Tank bottoms
 Tanker
 Tar sand
 Tar sands
 Tax preference items
 TCF
 Tectonic map
 Tender
 Tertiary recovery
 Therm
 Third for a quarter
 Tight formation
 Tight hole
 Tight sand
 Time value of money
 Title
 Tool pusher
 Top lease
 Total depth (TD)
 Township
 Transfer rule
 Trap
 Trip
 Tubing
 Turnkey
 ULCC (Ultra large crude carrier)
 Unassociated gas
 Underwriter
 Undiscovered recoverable resources –
 Up dip well
 Upstream
 Vapour pressure
 Viscosity
 VLCC (very large crude carrier)
 Wall sticking
 Wasting assets
 Water drive
 Water-drive reservoir
 Water flooding
 Well program
 Wellbore
 Wellhead
 West Texas Intermediate
 Wet
 Wet gas
 Whip stock
 Wildcat
 Wildcatter
 Working interest
 Work over
 Work over rig
 Write-off
 Zone
 Zone isolation




 Introducing the Oil Subsectors
 Horizontal, Vertical and Full Integration activities, including:
1. Exploring for oil and gas
2. Developing fields
3. Producing oil and gas
4. Mining oil sands
5. Extracting bitumen
6. Liquefying gas by cooling (LNG)
7. Regasifying LNG
8. Converting gas to liquid products (GTL)
9. Generating wind energy

 Downstream activities including:
1. Refining oil into fuels and lubricants
2. Producing petrochemicals
3. Developing bio fuels
4. Trading
5. Retail sales
6. Managing CO2 emissions
7. Supply and distribution
8. Business-to-business sales

 Exploring Vertical Integration, in relation to the following potentially advantages:

 Reduction in transportation costs, where common ownership results in closer geographic proximity.
 Improvement in the supply chain coordination.
 Provision of more opportunities to differentiate by means of increased control over inputs.
 Capturing of upstream or downstream profit margins.
 Increasing entry barriers to potential competitors, for example, sole access to a scarce resource.
 Gaining access to downstream distribution channels that otherwise would be inaccessible.
 Facilitating investment in highly specialised assets in which upstream or downstream players may be reluctant to invest.
 Exploiting core competencies.
 Capacity balancing issues. For example, building excess upstream capacity to ensure that its downstream operations have sufficient supply under all demands.
 Increased flexibility to coordinate vertically-related activities may increase

 Addressing Vertical Integration, with respect to the following potential disadvantages:
 Potentially higher costs due to low efficiencies resulting from lack of supplier competition.
 Decreased flexibility due to previous upstream or downstream investments
 Decreased ability to increase product variety if significant in-house development is required.
 Developing new core competencies may compromise existing competencies.
 Increased bureaucratic costs.

 Factors favouring horizontal integration, including:
 Taxes and regulations on market transactions are simplified
 Obstacles to the formulation and monitoring of contracts.
 Strategic similarity between the vertically-related activities.
 Sufficiently large production quantities so that the firm can Benefit from economies of scale.
 Creation of barriers of entry, resulting in the reluctance of other firms to make investments specific to the sector of the industry larger firms operate in

 Other factors relevant to Oil and Gas Production, incorporating:
 Oil Well Lease
 Long-term explicit contracts
 Franchise agreements
 Joint ventures
 Co-location of facilities
 Implicit contracts (relying on firms’ reputation
 Geological Research and Oil Exploration
 Drilling or Mining
 Basic Drilling Operation
 Natural vs. Artificial Lifts in Oil and Gas Production
 Coalbed methane drilling technology
 Principles of Gas Processing
 Oil Well Drilling
 Spudding Oil and Gas Wells
 Oil and Gas Rig Operation
 Offshore Oil Rig Operation
 Successful Effort Accounting
 Horizontal Drilling
 Marketing Oil and Gas
 Oil and Gas Production Separator Principles
 Oil -Water Separator Offshore
 Oil Separator
 Principles of Amine Sweetening
 Production Separator Principles
 Glycol Dehydration Principles
 Emulsions and Vertical Heater Treater Principles
Oil and Gas Safety
 HSE Offshore Statistics
 Hydrocarbon Releases (HCRs)5
 Fatal and major injuries to offshore workers
 Types of Accidents
 Over- 3-day injuries to offshore workers
 Dangerous Occurrences offshore
 Incidence of ill health to workers offshore

 Oil and Gas Industry Safety Regimes/ Institutions and Their Safety Regulation and Monitoring System
 American Petroleum Institute: Environmental Health & Safety
 Enform
 A Step Change in Safety
 Fire and Blast Information Group
 National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority
 OSHA Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing
WorksafeBC Health & Safety Centre for Petroleum
 Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
 Petroleum Industry's Annual Safety Seminar

 Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Discs
 Pressure Safety Valves (PSV), Operation and Testing
 Gaswell blowouts
 Hydrogen Sulfide
 Hydrogen Sulfide Principles
 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Safety for Oil and Gas
 Rig Accidents
 Actinia Oil Rig Blowout
 Blow-Out preventers – (BOP)
 New Generation of BOPs
 Malfunctioning of BOPs
 Dealing with Blowouts
 Analysing the BP Oil Disaster

HRODC Postgraduate Training Institute is a Graduate Institution Registered with the UK Register of Learning Providers (UKRLP), of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), formerly Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS). Its Registration Number is: 10019585 and can be Verified at: http://www.ukrlp.co.uk/. It provides Intensive Full-Time Postgraduate Diploma Courses. 3 Months Intensive Full-Time Postgraduate Diploma Courses or 6 Months Full-Time Courses, progressing to MSc, MBA, MA. Intensive Full-Time (3 Months) Courses, and Full-Time (6 Months) Postgraduate Diploma Courses, Progressing to MA, MBA or MSc include: Human Resource Management: A Practitioner’s Approach; Comprehensive Automotive Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Diagnostic, Maintenance and Repair; Comprehensive Real Estate Management; Executive Management; Communication, Information Gathering, Analysis and Report Writing; Women in Management; Human Resource Training and Development Management; National and International Economic Competitiveness: Towards Economic Growth and Sustainability; Corporate Governance and Strategic Management: Incorporating Corporate Strategy; Business Administration; Cost Accounting, Budgeting, Profitability Analysis, Strategy and Balanced Score Card; Financial Accounting: Theory and Practice; Advanced Islamic and Banking Finance; International Finance and Financial Services; Global Marketing: Local, National and International Marketing Strategic Plan and Implementation; Advanced International Legal Studies; International and National Events Management; Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) Engineering; Human Resource Management (HRM) in the International Petroleum – Oil and Gas – Industry; International Petroleum –Oil and Gas – Terminal Services, SAP, Joint Venture, Health, Safety, Human Resource, Organisation and Project Management; Advanced Oil and Gas Accounting: International Petroleum Accounting; Organisational Development and Change Management: Conceptual, Contextual and Analytical Issues; Effective Project Management: Employing HR, Cost, Quality, Procurement, Risk, & Time Management Strategies to Enhance Objectives; Strategising Logistics and Supply Chain Management; Drilling Operation: On-Shore and Deepwater Oil and Gas Drilling Operations, Incorporating Shale Gas Drilling; Intercultural Business Communication: Effective International Business Communication; Computer and Information Systems Communication, Incorporating Microsoft Office Suite Leading to World Trade Organisation, Anti-Dumping, Anti-Subsidy, Sustainability and Environmental Management, Development Economics, and Agricultural Project Management; International Petroleum – Oil and Gas – Operation for Non-Technical Staff: Mineral Rights, Upstream Oil and Gas Mineral Lease Contracts, Exploration, Drilling, Production and Sale, etc.
These Postgraduate Diploma, MSc, MBA, MA Courses are delivered in Dubai United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuala Lumpur (KL) Malaysia, Caracas, Astana Kazakhstan, Moscow Russia, Baku Azerbaijan, Durban South Africa, Dodoma Tanzania, Nairobi Kenya, Abuja Nigeria, Accra Ghana, Malabo Equatorial Guinea, Luanda Angola, Mumbai India, Karachi Pakistan, Islamabad Pakistan, Lagos Nigeria, Sokoto Nigeria, Ontario Canada, Buenos Aires Argentina; Lima Peru, Brasília Brazil, Quito Ecuador, Panama City Panama, Managua Nicaragua, San Salvador El Salvador, Guatemala City Guatemala, Belize Belize City, San Jose Costa Rica, Tegucigalpa Honduras, London UK, etc. Short Postgraduate Courses and 20-Week Video Enhanced Postgraduate Diploma Courses are also available.

The Video-Enhanced On-Line Postgraduate Diploma Courses is studied in 20 Weeks, in the comfort of students’ homes. In a move away from the traditional on-line courses, and recent technology-mediated distance education, HRODC Postgraduate Training Institute has introduced a Video-Enhanced On-Line delivery. Students: